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| Poplavschina, 2011 |
From archival sources we know, that the shlahta Onoshko got this surname from the name of the estate Onoshkovichy in Volyn. Beginning from the oldest ancestors, they professed the Catholic faith. According to the legend, in the XV century during the war between Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (the so-called Lutsk war, see the map) Clan Representatives came to Volyn from the Polish Olshanitsa with the troops of the King Jogaila. At that time it was the well-known and prosperous family. So at the turn of the XV-XVI centuries one person of the Onoshko`s family, Stanislav Onoszko, got the opportunity to marry with Anna Chetvertinska, Princess of Lutsk and Volyn.
Anna's brother - Vatslav Chetvertinsky - owned vast lands to the north of Lutsk, but he had no heirs. Princess Anna persuaded her husband named Stanislav Onoshko to kill her brother. It's written down in the judicial act of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
This crime brought Onoshko`s family dubious fame, but it did not bring them wealth: the family was expelled from Volyn by King's decision.
Some person, whose name was mr. Bogdan Khreptovich, became the owner of the inheritance of Chetvertinsky`s family. He married the sister of Anna - Princess Fedka, who was going to take the veil and had been living in the monastery. Afterwards Khreptovich`s family became known as the Count's magnate family.
There is also the princely Svyatopolk-Chetvertinsky`s family now, which has become famous in Russia due to its proximity to the Russian monarchs.
But descendants of the Onoshko-Chetvertinska couple settled in Lithuania.They got property there for bravery and devotion to the king, and in 1547 King Sigismund II Augustus bestowed Onoshko`s family the knight`s coat of arms depicting an arrows, a cross and a horseshoe. It was named "Yatsyna" in honor of one of the Onoshko`s sons and went down in history under that name.
The authorities of the Russian Empire demanded the confirmation of the noble birth by the shlahta in accordance with Russian laws. In numerous courts Onoshko`s family that was living in the former Rech
Pospolita proved that all
representatives of this family had a common ancestor and was accepted to the
Russian nobility. Onoshko`s family from Poplavschina was introduced to the aristocratic pedigree book in 1791 and remained there until 1917.
The status of a nobleman meant considerable privileges: an exemption from taxes, from military service; a possibility to get a good education. Residents of Poplavschina actively used these privileges. A lot of officials, officers, clergymen came out from among them.
So at the end of the XVIII century a native of village Jesuit monk
Jan Grinkevich, professor and archivist, taught Russian language and public law at the Collegium in Polotsk city (see the map above).
And a graduate of this Collegium poet Jan Onoshko (born about 1775) was recognized as a classic of Polish literature.
In 1765 Jan son of Ambrosi Onoshko was born in Poplavschina.
He was a
pupil of the Jesuits of Polotsk too, having become later the Catholic priest at
Dioceses of Lutsk and Mogilev, a deputy from Lutsk city at the Collegium of the
Catholic synod of St.Petersburg, Warsaw University Professor, a doctor of
Theology, Rector of the Main Theological Seminary of Warsaw, Chevalier of the
Orders. In the history of the village his role
is invaluable. Priest Jan bequeathed all his immovable property and money to relatives with the surname Onoshko from Poplavschina. Since in Poplavschina each one of Onoshko without exception was the relative of the priest, everybody got an inheritance. Moreover, Jan Onoshko bought the lands around the village and gave possession of it to residents who previously had rented this lands.
This led to the fact that the nobles with the surname Onoshko not only did not leave their village, but those who had gone away before sought to return to it. So, some kind of community of relatives was formed. This community had its own rules and laws. Collective capital distributed usually in favor of the needy. Preference was given to villagers who were studying.
Priest Jan Onoshko died in his own manor house that was located a kilometer away from Poplavschina. He was buried in the cemetery of Poplavschina.
The estate of priest Jan became the property of his relatives as part of the inheritance.
The new possessors of the estate had become quite large landowners, and this fact attracted the well-known noble families to them. Onoshko`s family and Oskerko`s, Gorvat`s, Rymvid-Mickevich`s, Rakusa-Sushchevski`s, Ventslavovich`s, Glasko`s families were connected through marriages.
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A collection of judicial
acts of
the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
|
Anna's brother - Vatslav Chetvertinsky - owned vast lands to the north of Lutsk, but he had no heirs. Princess Anna persuaded her husband named Stanislav Onoshko to kill her brother. It's written down in the judicial act of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
This crime brought Onoshko`s family dubious fame, but it did not bring them wealth: the family was expelled from Volyn by King's decision.
Some person, whose name was mr. Bogdan Khreptovich, became the owner of the inheritance of Chetvertinsky`s family. He married the sister of Anna - Princess Fedka, who was going to take the veil and had been living in the monastery. Afterwards Khreptovich`s family became known as the Count's magnate family.
There is also the princely Svyatopolk-Chetvertinsky`s family now, which has become famous in Russia due to its proximity to the Russian monarchs.
But descendants of the Onoshko-Chetvertinska couple settled in Lithuania.They got property there for bravery and devotion to the king, and in 1547 King Sigismund II Augustus bestowed Onoshko`s family the knight`s coat of arms depicting an arrows, a cross and a horseshoe. It was named "Yatsyna" in honor of one of the Onoshko`s sons and went down in history under that name.
In 1772-1795 Rech Pospolita was divided between the Kingdom of Prussia, the Russian Empire and the Austrian monarchy, having ended its independent existence.
The status of a nobleman meant considerable privileges: an exemption from taxes, from military service; a possibility to get a good education. Residents of Poplavschina actively used these privileges. A lot of officials, officers, clergymen came out from among them.
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| Jesuit Collegium in Polotsk |
And a graduate of this Collegium poet Jan Onoshko (born about 1775) was recognized as a classic of Polish literature.
In 1765 Jan son of Ambrosi Onoshko was born in Poplavschina.
This led to the fact that the nobles with the surname Onoshko not only did not leave their village, but those who had gone away before sought to return to it. So, some kind of community of relatives was formed. This community had its own rules and laws. Collective capital distributed usually in favor of the needy. Preference was given to villagers who were studying.
Priest Jan Onoshko died in his own manor house that was located a kilometer away from Poplavschina. He was buried in the cemetery of Poplavschina.
The estate of priest Jan became the property of his relatives as part of the inheritance.
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| Maria Onoshko (1863-1937) |
The new possessors of the estate had become quite large landowners, and this fact attracted the well-known noble families to them. Onoshko`s family and Oskerko`s, Gorvat`s, Rymvid-Mickevich`s, Rakusa-Sushchevski`s, Ventslavovich`s, Glasko`s families were connected through marriages.
In 1900 Maria Onoshko from the estate of Poplavschina became the wife of the founder of the Belarusian professional theater
Ignat Buinitsky.
Gabriel Onoshko, uncle of Maria Onoshko and nephew of priest Jan, followed in his footsteps.
In 1857 priest Gabriel was sent to the new Catholic Diocese which was
located in Saratov city. In addition to the basic service Gabriel
Onoshko taught at the Theological Roman Catholic Seminary which was
opened in the Diocese. Because
there were no Catholic priests or skilled personnel for
their training in this area.
In 1863 priest Gabriel, as a participant of the failed Polish uprising, was exiled to a remote region of Russia. Priest Gabriel lived in exile until 1871. He was forced to engage in draining of the marshes. But Gabriel Onoshko received a musical education, so he organized an orchestra consisting of six exiles. Despite frequent malnutrition, they constantly held amateur concerts.
Priest Gabriel bequeathed part of his income to educate relatives from Poplavschina. However, his desire was not fulfilled because of bureaucratic obstacles.
The native of Poplavschina, Vatslav Onoshko wanted to serve the church. But in 1917 the Bolshevik Revolution occurred in the Russian Empire, and then the civil war began. Religious organizations were banned. It became impossible to study in the home country. So Vatslav cut out the seal impression from the school leaving certificate, hid it under the insole in his shoe, bravely crossed the front line and went to Poland. He graduated from the
Seminary in Kielce city.
Then priest Vatslav was sent to the Belarusian Polesie which was included in the Polish state at that time. He served there in the Uniate (Greek Catholic) Church.
Priest Vatslav was an energetic, enthusiastic, helpful and very sympathetic person. So he quickly got the love of parishioners and was recognized by his colleagues. Priest Jazep Germanovich (poet Vintsuk Otwazny, March 4, 1890, Golshany, Russian Empire - December 26, 1978, London, UK) dedicated his poem “The Unia in the Polesie” (1932) to Vatslav Onoshko.
The family of priest Vatslav Onoshko, that remained in USSR, was severely punished by repressive authorities. His father was arrested in 1938 and a short time later he was shot. The sixteen-year-old Vatslav`s brother went mad in prison.
And in the years of repression (1929-1940) dozens of people were shot or sent to labor camps on false charges. They were sent from a small village Poplavschina to Siberia, the Far East, the Far North.
From Poplavschina
They were shot by NKVD in 1930-1940:
BRZEZINSKI Pavel Leon's son
GALINOVSKI Zdislav Edmund Alexander's son
GRUSHETSKI Stanislav John Valerian's son
ONOSHKO Alfons Franc's son
ONOSHKO Andrey Anton's son
ONOSHKO Evgeny Romuald's son
ONOSHKO Isidor Karl's son
ONOSHKO Jakub Peter's son
ONOSHKO Nikolay John's son
ONOSHKO Pavel Nicodem's son
ONOSHKO Vitold Romuald's son
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| The Roman Catholic Seminary in Saratov |
In 1863 priest Gabriel, as a participant of the failed Polish uprising, was exiled to a remote region of Russia. Priest Gabriel lived in exile until 1871. He was forced to engage in draining of the marshes. But Gabriel Onoshko received a musical education, so he organized an orchestra consisting of six exiles. Despite frequent malnutrition, they constantly held amateur concerts.
Priest Gabriel bequeathed part of his income to educate relatives from Poplavschina. However, his desire was not fulfilled because of bureaucratic obstacles.
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| Priest Gabriel Onoshko (1822-1899) returned to his homeland at the end of the life. He is buried in Mogilev city. |
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| Vatslav Onoshko (1899-1966) |
Then priest Vatslav was sent to the Belarusian Polesie which was included in the Polish state at that time. He served there in the Uniate (Greek Catholic) Church.
Priest Vatslav was an energetic, enthusiastic, helpful and very sympathetic person. So he quickly got the love of parishioners and was recognized by his colleagues. Priest Jazep Germanovich (poet Vintsuk Otwazny, March 4, 1890, Golshany, Russian Empire - December 26, 1978, London, UK) dedicated his poem “The Unia in the Polesie” (1932) to Vatslav Onoshko.
The family of priest Vatslav Onoshko, that remained in USSR, was severely punished by repressive authorities. His father was arrested in 1938 and a short time later he was shot. The sixteen-year-old Vatslav`s brother went mad in prison.
And in the years of repression (1929-1940) dozens of people were shot or sent to labor camps on false charges. They were sent from a small village Poplavschina to Siberia, the Far East, the Far North.
From Poplavschina
They were shot by NKVD in 1930-1940:
BRZEZINSKI Pavel Leon's son
GALINOVSKI Zdislav Edmund Alexander's son
GRUSHETSKI Stanislav John Valerian's son
ONOSHKO Alfons Franc's son
ONOSHKO Andrey Anton's son
ONOSHKO Evgeny Romuald's son
ONOSHKO Isidor Karl's son
ONOSHKO Jakub Peter's son
ONOSHKO Nikolay John's son
ONOSHKO Pavel Nicodem's son
ONOSHKO Vitold Romuald's son
YAGINTOVICH Anton Fabian's son ..............
They were repressed and sent to Siberia, the Far East, the Far North in 1929-1938:
GRUSHETSKA Klotilda Joseph's daughter with young children
ONOSHKO Adam Anton's son
They were repressed and sent to Siberia, the Far East, the Far North in 1929-1938:
GRUSHETSKA Klotilda Joseph's daughter with young children
ONOSHKO Adam Anton's son
ONOSHKO Albert Jakub's son
ONOSHKO Alexander Jakub's son
ONOSHKO Bronislaw Thomas's son
ONOSHKO Donat Franc's son with his family
ONOSHKO Felix Joseph's son
ONOSHKO John Elias's son with his family
ONOSHKO John Jakub's son
ONOSHKO Klementina Pavel's daughter with young children
ONOSHKO Mikhalina Gabriel's daughter with young children
ONOSHKO Peter Romuald's son
ONOSHKO Vitold Pavel's son with his family
ONOSHKO Vladislav Pavel's son
STANKEVICH Alexander Grzegorz's son .............
In 1941 the war with Nazi Germany began. It almost completed the destruction of family Onoshko in Poplavschina.
They were murdered by the Nazis in 1941-1945:
ONOSHKO Alexander Jakub's son
ONOSHKO Bronislaw Thomas's son
ONOSHKO Donat Franc's son with his family
ONOSHKO Felix Joseph's son
ONOSHKO John Elias's son with his family
ONOSHKO John Jakub's son
ONOSHKO Klementina Pavel's daughter with young children
ONOSHKO Mikhalina Gabriel's daughter with young children
ONOSHKO Peter Romuald's son
ONOSHKO Vitold Pavel's son with his family
ONOSHKO Vladislav Pavel's son
STANKEVICH Alexander Grzegorz's son .............
In 1941 the war with Nazi Germany began. It almost completed the destruction of family Onoshko in Poplavschina.
They were murdered by the Nazis in 1941-1945:
ONOSHKO Adam Anton's son
ONOSHKO Adela Joseph's daughter with her little granddaughter
ONOSHKO Adolf Albert's son
ONOSHKO Adolf Stanislav's son
ONOSHKO Albert Albert's son
ONOSHKO Albert Albert's son
ONOSHKO Albert Jakub's son
ONOSHKO Alfons Albert's son
ONOSHKO Anton Karl's son
ONOSHKO Apollony Karl's son
ONOSHKO Bazyly Peter's son
ONOSHKO Daniel John's son
ONOSHKO Donat Franc's son
ONOSHKO Florian Ignat's son
ONOSHKO John Donat's son
ONOSHKO John Donat's son
ONOSHKO John Karl's son
ONOSHKO John Leon's son
ONOSHKO Joseph Felix's son
ONOSHKO Lucian Pavel's son
ONOSHKO Ludwig John's son
ONOSHKO Mechyslav Anton's son
ONOSHKO Mechyslav Anton's son
ONOSHKO Nikolay Pavel's son
ONOSHKO Pavel Maciej's son
ONOSHKO Peter Albert's son
ONOSHKO Peter Ignat's son
ONOSHKO Stanislav Stefan's son
ONOSHKO Vatslav Gabriel's son
RAVICH-SCHERBO Regina Vincent's daughter
ROSINSKI Joseph Joseph's son
VERAKSO Stanislav John's son ..............
______________________________________
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| There
is the grave of the female Onoshko`s family member, marked with the
Yatsyna Coat of Arms, in the ancient cemetery of Mogilev in which only
privileged persons were buried. This is the earliest discovered grave,
this woman died on September, 1781. She was the wife of the mayor of Mogilev County Gabriel Onoshko. The Polish epitaph is written on a
tombston:
Tu leży
.A. O./ W. M./ G. M.
Spoyrzy proszę ktokolwiek ile idzy jdziesz tędy Zwłoki leżą spróchniałe Onoskowey kędy Nie dzyw się jeno że mne śmierć odkryła wrota Boska wola dopełniła ksiąg wiecznych żywota Lecz mów kto imię będziesz czytał moje: Niech jey Duszę obeymą Niebieskie Podwoje
1781oRoku Mca 7bra 21 Dnia
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